New York Immigration Facts

Castle Garden
Before Ellis Island, there was Castle Garden. Beginning in 1855, New York State used a refitted military armory called Castle Clinton (located at the southernmost point of Manhattan) to process the endless stream of immigrants arriving at the port of New York.

Castle Garden closed in April 1890 after receiving some 8 million immigrants. From 1896 to 1941 it housed the popular New York aquarium. Today it is known as Castle Clinton National Monument.


Before Castle Garden
The Erie Canal's 1825 completion opened up easy travel to the northern United States, thus solidifying New York as the port of choice for U.S.-bound immigrants. But although immigration laws required a passenger list for every ship beginning in the 1820s, New York did not have an immigrant-processing center until 1855.

Before that time, immigrants at New York did not pass through a screening or examination process; they simply declared any required items to customs and headed into America.